Evaluation of sodium nitroprusside for controlled hypotension in children during surgery

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Evaluation of sodium nitroprusside for controlled hypotension in children during surgery

PURPOSE (1) To define the onset and offset of the blood-pressure-lowering effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) for use in developing instructions for dose titration in children undergoing a surgical or medical procedure, and (2) to assess the safety of SNP administration in pediatric patients requiring controlled reduction of blood pressure. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, p...

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The cerebral response to sodium nitroprusside and trimethaphan controlled hypotension.

THE EFFECTS of altered arterial blood pressure on cerebral blood flow ( CBF ) have been well documented by Lassen 1'2 and Olesen 3 in man, and by Rapela, 4 Waltz ~ and Yashon 6 in dogs. The critical determinants of cerebral blood flow are the cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and the cerebrovascular resistance (CVR). The CPP is the difference between the driving force of the mean arterial press...

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A hemodynamic model to guide blood pressure control during deliberate hypotension with sodium nitroprusside in children

Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) has been widely used to control blood pressure in infants and children. The goals of this analysis were to develop models that describe the hemodynamic response to SNP dosing in pediatric patients; examine sources of variation in dose-response, defining age, and size dependencies; and determine vulnerable populations or patient subtypes that may elicit dosing modifica...

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Central and Regional Haemodynamics during Controlled Hypotension Produced by Adenosine, Sodium Nitroprusside and Nitroglycerin

Induced hypotension during anaesthesia was introduced by Gardner in 1946 [1]. Reasons for the use of deliberate hypotension during surgery are to facilitate the surgery and to decrease blood loss [2]. However, in a retrospective series [3] there was an overall incidence of complications of more than 3%, and there is always a risk of underperfusion of vital organs—a hazard that the anaesthetist ...

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Sodium Nitroprusside for Aneurysm Surgery in Pregnancy

A 25-year-old woman in the 7th month of pregnancy was operated upon for a ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Sodium nitroprusside was used to achieve effective controlled hypotension. Signs of foetal distress were transient. Subsequent delivery was spontaneous and uneventful. Development of the child at 2 yr was satisfactory. The various physiological aspects and the action of nitroprusside on both mo...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Frontiers in Pharmacology

سال: 2015

ISSN: 1663-9812

DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00136